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Clumping together of particles. In semen analysis, this usually refers to sperm sticking to each other, which can reduce motility.
Absence of menstrual periods, which can be a sign of an underlying ovulation or hormonal problem.
A condition where a woman does not ovulate, or ovulates only occasionally, making natural conception difficult.
A test to check whether antibodies on sperm are blocking their ability to move, reach, or fertilize an egg.
A general term for placing sperm directly into the cervix, uterus, or fallopian tubes to help achieve pregnancy.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
An umbrella term for fertility treatments such as IVF, ICSI, GIFT and ZIFT that involve handling eggs and sperm outside the body.
Your resting body temperature, which rises slightly after ovulation. Tracking it daily can help identify your fertile window.
An advanced stage of embryo development reached about five days after fertilization, often used for embryo transfer in IVF.
Fluid produced by the cervix that changes in texture and amount as ovulation approaches, and can be used to track fertility.
An oral medication commonly used to stimulate ovulation in women who ovulate irregularly or not at all.
Eggs contributed by another woman, used in IVF when a patient’s own eggs are not suitable or available.
A pregnancy where the embryo implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube. This needs prompt medical attention.
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often causing pain and sometimes affecting fertility.
The inner lining of the uterus, which thickens each cycle to prepare for a possible pregnancy.
The two tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus, where the egg and sperm normally meet during natural conception.
A small fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains and nurtures a developing egg before ovulation.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
A hormone that signals the ovaries to grow egg-containing follicles. It is also used as a fertility medication and lab test marker.
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
An older assisted reproduction technique where eggs and sperm are placed together directly into the fallopian tube.
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
A brain hormone that helps trigger the release of hormones responsible for ovulation.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
A hormone used to trigger final egg maturation and ovulation during fertility treatment, and also detected in pregnancy tests.
An X-ray test using dye to check whether the fallopian tubes are open and the uterine cavity is normal.
A procedure using a thin scope inserted through the cervix to examine and sometimes treat the inside of the uterus.
Generally defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
A lab technique where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, then the fertilized egg is placed in the uterus.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
A fertility treatment where prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation.
A treatment where eggs and sperm are combined in a lab, and the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus.
A minimally invasive surgery using a thin scope through a small abdominal incision to view and treat pelvic organs.
A hormone whose surge triggers ovulation, commonly detected by ovulation predictor kits.
The second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation and before the next period, when the uterus prepares for pregnancy.
Infertility that is caused by, or partly due to, a problem on the male partner’s side.
How well sperm are able to move on their own. This is an important factor in natural conception.
A condition where a man’s sperm count is lower than what’s typically needed for natural fertilization.
The point in the cycle when a mature egg is released from the ovary and becomes available for fertilization.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
An infection-related inflammation of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries that can be a cause of infertility.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A common hormonal condition causing irregular cycles, small ovarian cysts, and sometimes weight, skin, or fertility issues.
A test that examines cervical mucus shortly after intercourse to check sperm number and behavior.
Early loss of normal ovarian function before age 40, leading to reduced egg supply and estrogen production.
A condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the body during ejaculation.
The standard laboratory test that evaluates sperm count, shape, and movement.
An imaging test using sound waves to view the ovaries, uterus, and developing follicles or pregnancy.
Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries to produce several eggs in one cycle instead of just one, often used before IUI or IVF.
A surgical procedure that closes off the fallopian tubes as a permanent method of contraception.
An enlarged vein in the scrotum that can affect sperm production and quality.
A surgical procedure that prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation, used as permanent male contraception.
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
A technique similar to IVF where fertilized eggs are transferred into the fallopian tube rather than the uterus.
