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Clumping together of particles — in semen analysis, this usually refers to sperm sticking to each other, which can reduce motility.
Absence of menstrual periods, which can be a sign of an underlying ovulation or hormonal problem.
A condition where a woman does not ovulate, or ovulates only occasionally, making natural conception difficult.
A test to check whether antibodies on sperm are blocking their ability to move, reach, or fertilize an egg.
A general term for placing sperm directly into the cervix, uterus, or fallopian tubes to help achieve pregnancy.
An umbrella term for fertility treatments — such as IVF, ICSI, GIFT and ZIFT — that involve handling eggs and sperm outside the body.
Your resting body temperature, which rises slightly after ovulation — tracking it daily can help identify your fertile window.
An advanced stage of embryo development reached about five days after fertilization, often used for embryo transfer in IVF.
Fluid produced by the cervix that changes in texture and amount as ovulation approaches, and can be used to track fertility.
An oral medication commonly used to stimulate ovulation in women who ovulate irregularly or not at all.
Eggs contributed by another woman, used in IVF when a patient’s own eggs aren’t suitable or available.
A protocol that stimulates the ovaries twice in a single menstrual cycle, often used for women with a poor ovarian reserve.
A pregnancy where the embryo implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube — this needs prompt medical attention.
Transferring a single, carefully selected blastocyst-stage embryo to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy while maintaining success rates.
A test that checks whether the uterine lining is at the ideal stage to receive an embryo, used to time embryo transfer more precisely.
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often causing pain and sometimes affecting fertility.
The inner lining of the uterus, which thickens each cycle to prepare for a possible pregnancy.
The two tubes connecting the ovaries to the uterus, where the egg and sperm normally meet during natural conception.
Freezing eggs, sperm, or embryos to protect the option of having biological children later in life.
A small fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains and nurtures a developing egg before ovulation.
A hormone that signals the ovaries to grow egg-containing follicles; also used as a fertility medication and lab test marker.
An older assisted reproduction technique where eggs and sperm are placed together directly into the fallopian tube.
TB infection of the reproductive organs, which can damage the fallopian tubes or uterine lining and cause infertility.
A hormone used to trigger final egg maturation and ovulation during fertility treatment, and also the hormone detected in pregnancy tests.
An X-ray test using dye to check whether the fallopian tubes are open and the uterine cavity is normal.
A treatment where eggs and sperm are combined in a lab, and the resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus.
Generally defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
A lab technique where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, then the fertilized egg is placed in the uterus.
A fertility treatment where prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation.
Optional extra procedures sometimes offered alongside standard IVF, not all of which have strong evidence behind them.
The second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation and before the next period, when the uterus prepares for pregnancy.
A hormone whose surge triggers ovulation, commonly detected by ovulation predictor kits.
Infertility that is caused by, or partly due to, a problem on the male partner’s side.
How well sperm are able to move on their own — an important factor in natural conception.
A condition where a man’s sperm count is lower than what’s typically needed for natural fertilization.
The point in the cycle when a mature egg is released from the ovary and becomes available for fertilization.
An infection-related inflammation of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries that can be a cause of infertility.
A common hormonal condition causing irregular cycles, small ovarian cysts, and sometimes weight, skin, or fertility issues.
Genetic testing of embryos before transfer, used to check for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities.
Early loss of normal ovarian function before age 40, leading to reduced egg supply and estrogen production.
When embryos repeatedly fail to implant despite multiple good-quality embryo transfers.
Repeated miscarriages, which can sometimes be prevented with the right diagnosis and protocol.
A condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the body during ejaculation.
The standard laboratory test that evaluates sperm count, shape, and movement.
An imaging test using sound waves to view the ovaries, uterus, and developing follicles or pregnancy.
Hormonal stimulation of the ovaries to produce several eggs in one cycle instead of just one, often used before IUI or IVF.
Having twins after IVF is more common than in natural conception, and carries higher risks that are worth discussing with your doctor.
Infertility where standard tests don’t reveal a clear cause, even though both partners’ basic results look normal.
An enlarged vein in the scrotum that can affect sperm production and quality.
A surgical procedure that prevents sperm from being released during ejaculation, used as permanent male contraception.
A technique similar to IVF where fertilized eggs are transferred into the fallopian tube rather than the uterus.
